https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/three-coffees-day-linked-more-health-harm-scientists-say-n823586
I wonder how much of this has to do with coffee serving as a substitute to other less healthy drinks. People generally like to drink something other than water and if you aren’t drinking low calorie options like coffee and tea (as long as you don’t add pounds of sugar and cream), you are then drinking sugar sweetened or artificial sweetener drinks. And new data seems to suggest the artificial sweeteners are linked with weight gain.
Who knows. It feels like these studies go back and forth. But it does seem like coffee and tea are at least “health neutral” and probably the best options in terms of health if you are looking for a substitute for water.
Of course, this is assuming your religion allows it.