If you guessed Cal...then you'd be right. (Rogers and Goff).
Of the 30 starting QB's 22 of them played at so called P5 schools in college. I don't count Alex Smith or Andy Dalton because they played for Utah and TCU when they were not Power 5 teams. If you break it down by conference
SEC--5
Pac 12-6 (7 if you count Alex Smith)
B1G-6
Big 12-2 (3 if you count Andy Dalton)
ACC-4
Interestingly 4 QB's that are current starters came from schools that were either in the MWC at the time they played college ball, or are in the MWC now. Other schools with NFL starters...Delewars State, Harvard, North Dakota State, to name few...
What i think this says is that a players greatest chance of going to the NFL are if they play for P5 team, but it does not really matter which conference you go to so long as its not the Big 12.
The MWC seems to be putting a disproportionate number of QB's into the NFL compared to their G5 counterparts.