...Medical Schools and that is why they offer significantly more grad programs and conduct more costly research, thus making them tier 1. BYU does bio research in a lot of ways, but it doesn't compare to universities bringing in tens of millions in cancer or other major disease research. Also, BYU does research in applied science and engineering. It does not have a theoretical physics lab like the incredibly expensive to operate Stanford Linear Accelerator or the Lawrence Livermore Lab. BYU mainly researches ways to make physics works for us, (applied invention) not the theory of what physics might be or mean (cosmology, snark matter, dark energy, string theory, etc.) These are tiny examples of the differences. But the fact is not so much about total $$$ invested. Medical research tends to evolve from a theoretical hypotheses to an applied therapeutic or understanding and musical advancement. It's a hugely expensive process.

Research into ancient languages, history and even field sciences like paleontology, archeology, climate, computer science, electrical and electronic engineering, law, culture, general language, all applied sciences and engineering, mathematics etc. is incredibly important as well, but tends to require a small fraction of the equipment, tool and lab maintenance expense that medicine requires.

Just saying, putting stock in the $$$ amounts does not say much when you realize why Tier 1 Research universities have larger budgets than Tier 2 universities.