positive outcomes would have occurred even without the cheating) but doesn't account for negative outcomes, that is, where they had the pitch wrong or, apparently, even where they had the pitch right but still got out (which happened the vase majority of the time even when the signal called was correct, just not nearly as often as it would have happened without knowing what the pitch would be. The most telling thing is that his conclusions were not much more dramatic given the fact that he only removed the positive results.