Brad Schoenfeld published a landmark study in 2010 (The Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy and Their Application to Resistance Training) that essentially states there are three primary factors are responsible for initiating the hypertrophic response to resistance exercise:

1. Mechanical Tension (Heavy loads)
2. Muscle Damage (Negatives)
3. Metabolic Stress (Pump or burn)

More recent studies are finding that Mechanical Tension is the largest contributing factor of the three. This doesn't mean everyone has to be a powerlifter, but the loading on the muscle(s) should work relatively close to failure. Brad, nor the literature, recommend going to failure on every lift and every set but working to an RIR of 2 or RPE of 8 with a set or two to failure (on non-compound lifts) will produce enough Mechanical Tension to stimulate muscle hypertrophy.

My takeaways from what I have learned and personal experience:

1. Mechanical Tension can be stimulated at nearly any weight for any lift. Lighter weights will need to be taken to higher reps and more sets, while heavier weights need to be fewer sets and fewer reps. You have to find the sweet spot that works best for YOUR body. Don't blindly accept 3 sets of 10 or 4 sets of 8. Experiment and find what works for you.

2. Quality of reps/sets and range of motion greatly contribute to Mechanical Tension. If you typically do a "bro-split" of blasting one muscle group a day, you may not be achieving maximum results. At some point (specific to each individual) you are going to reach a point of diminishing returns. Maybe try two muscle groups per day and hit them twice a week. Quality is more important than sheer volume in one training period.

3. Muscle Damage and Metabolic Stress techniques, while good are probably not as effective as one would think especially for beginners and intermediates. Blood Flow Restriction, cheat reps, negatives, etc. have their place in muscle hypertrophy but in my opinion and experience #1 and #2 need to dialed in first.

4. Nutrition is a whole separate topic that isn't discussed here but obviously incredibly important.

If you want to read the actual study: https://www.bodybuilding-natural.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/1_158907702.pdf
Here is a brief synopsis from T-Nation: https://www.t-nation.com/training/the-3-essential-workout-methods-for-muscle/

Anyway, I kind of geek out at the science and was watching something this morning at the gym that referenced Brad's study and I thought I'd share!