1- The puck is indeed small. I used to think this was a joke when people couldn't see it but my wife also complains she can't and we have a fairly large screen. My only recommendation is watching more because once you understand the plays you can predict where the puck will go and it's easier to follow it when you know where it's going (like a 100 mph fastball you know it's going to the catcher)
2- covered in one.
3- This can be generalized in any sport. If you don't understand the plays basketball looks sloppy, same with football, just objectively look at a dive play from a non fans perspective. For those who follow the game you can see the players set up in classif formations all the time and the defenders are use formations to protect or cause a turnover.
4- Probably the dumbest of your points. Just google "sumo wrestler as a goalie" and you will see how little of the net is actually covered and how athletic goalies are. I played college hockey as a goalie so I understand more than most the difficulty of the position. For reference get your tape measure out go to a wall and measure 6 feet wide and 4 feet high and then imagine trying to stop a rubber disc coming at speeds of 90 plus miles per hour while it can change direction at any time and your vision is being obscured but 2-3 200 lbs players.
5- In today's world I can see how some would find fighting to be a farce. But the reality of it is that it's a deterrent to players cheap shorting your best players. The number of fights has gone down steadily each year for over a decade but it's still used as a tool to send a message, spark team energy and make a player pay for andirty cheap shot.

TL;DR version. The more hockey you watch the more you will understand the beauty of the game. Pretty much like any other sport.