Telecom investment declined sharply in 2015-2016 after Title II, and reversed sharply in 2017 after it was repealed and is now growing again. In those 2 years under Obama’s net neutrality, investment was $10-13 billion below expectations, and all said, Obama’s Title II regulations are estimated to cost between $24-30 billion in telecom investment.

https://prodnet.www.neca.org/publicationsdocs/wwpdf/110118phoenix.pdf