Maybe going to the doctor if you're unsure. That might be more often than here in the States. But in my 18 years in Canada I never once heard anyone going to the hospital for routine things. Never. The experiences with with exchange students are anecdotal and probably reflect more the age of the kid rather than the system wide habits of the residents of their respective countries.

Also, we could always come up with our own system that is single payer but still has copays. I realize that's not what Bernie is touting, but to me it makes sense. It'll cost you $100 to go to the ER. The single payer insurance pays the rest. That would cut down on any incentive to go because it's free, but wouldn't bankrupt anyone. YOu can also keep the current system of it being free to those who legitimately can't pay.